Portrait of Kate Douglas Wiggin
the teacher who wrote stories
"Every child born into the world is a new thought of God, an ever-fresh and radiant possibility."
— Kate Douglas Wiggin

Kate Douglas Wiggin

The teacher who wrote Rebecca

Kate Douglas Smith was born in Philadelphia and grew up in rural Maine. Her father died when she was young, and her mother remarried a small-town doctor. Kate grew up surrounded by country children and country landscape, the kind of world she'd later put in her books.

As a young woman, Kate moved to California with her family and trained to become one of the very first kindergarten teachers in America. (Kindergarten was a brand-new German idea then.) In 1878, at 22, she opened the first free kindergarten west of the Mississippi River in San Francisco's poorest neighborhood.

Quick Facts

  • Born: September 28, 1856
  • From: Philadelphia (raised in Maine), USA
  • Job: Kindergarten teacher & writer
  • Famous for: Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm
Did you know?

Kate didn't just teach kindergarten, she helped invent how it works in America. The free kindergarten she started in San Francisco was a model that schools across the country copied.

Her Life, Year by Year

From Maine to California to literary fame

Wiggin's life mixed teaching, writing, travel, and music. She made each one count.

1856

Born in Philadelphia

Kate Douglas Smith is born in Philadelphia.

1878

She starts a free kindergarten

At 22, Kate opens the first free kindergarten west of the Mississippi River, in San Francisco's poorest neighborhood. The school becomes a national model.

1881

She marries Samuel Wiggin

Kate marries Samuel Wiggin, a lawyer. She becomes Kate Douglas Wiggin.

1883

She starts publishing stories

Kate writes The Story of Patsy as a fundraiser for her kindergarten. Then The Birds' Christmas Carol. The stories sell well enough that she becomes a real author.

1889

Samuel dies

Samuel Wiggin dies suddenly. Kate is widowed at 33.

1895

She marries again

Kate marries George Christopher Riggs. They split time between New York and a country home in Maine.

1903

Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm

Kate publishes Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, her most famous novel. It sells over a million copies.

1923

She dies in England

Kate dies at 66 while visiting England. She is remembered both for her books and for the kindergarten movement she helped build.

Two Big Things She Did

Teaching AND writing

Most famous writers do one thing. Kate Wiggin did two big ones that both lasted.

Education

She helped invent free kindergarten

At 22, Kate opened the first free kindergarten west of the Mississippi. It served kids in San Francisco's poorest neighborhoods. The model spread across the country.

Rebecca · 1903

A spirited country girl

Rebecca Randall is 10 years old, sent away from her crowded country family to live with two strict aunts in a quiet New England town. She bounces, she talks too much, and she changes everyone around her.

Music

She wrote songs too

Kate was a trained musician and wrote songs and arrangements for her kindergarten classes. Some of her children's songs were still used in schools for decades.

Wait… really?!

Six surprising things about Kate Douglas Wiggin

1

She founded a kindergarten at 22

Kate started the first free kindergarten west of the Mississippi River in San Francisco when she was just 22 years old. The school became a model copied across the country.

2

She wrote stories to fund her school

Kate's first published book, The Story of Patsy, was written specifically to raise money for her kindergarten. She kept writing for years before her books made her famous.

3

Rebecca sold over a million copies

Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm was one of the bestselling American novels of its time. It was adapted into plays, silent films, and a famous Shirley Temple movie.

4

She married twice

Kate's first husband Samuel Wiggin died young. She remarried George Riggs but kept the Wiggin name for her writing because that was already her famous name.

5

She helped invent the kindergarten movement

Kate co-wrote one of the first major American books on early-childhood education with her sister Nora. It shaped how kindergartens were run across the country.

6

She loved Maine

Even after she became famous and lived in New York, Kate spent most summers at her country home in Maine. Her Rebecca stories are set in a town very much like the one she loved.

Good questions, answered

Kate Douglas Wiggin FAQ

What does the H. stand for in 'Eleanor H. Porter'?+

That's a different writer, Kate Douglas Wiggin doesn't have an H. The 'Douglas' is her middle name, from her family. She was born Kate Douglas Smith and became Kate Douglas Wiggin when she married.

What's the Rebecca movie people remember?+

The 1938 movie starring Shirley Temple, one of the most famous child actors ever. It made the book even more famous than it already was. There's also a silent film version from 1917.

Did she really start a kindergarten?+

Yes! At age 22, Kate opened the first free kindergarten west of the Mississippi River in San Francisco's poorest neighborhood. It became a national model. She also helped train new kindergarten teachers and wrote books on early-childhood education.

What age is Rebecca good for?+

Rebecca works as a read-aloud from age 6, and as a chapter book from age 8. The Worldly version is adapted to fit each reader's level.

Is Rebecca a sequel?+

Yes, kind of. Kate wrote a sequel called New Chronicles of Rebecca (1907) with more stories from the same character. And many years later she wrote The Story of Waitstill Baxter and other books set in similar small-town New England.

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